Cool-season lawns: why then
Dethatch cool-season lawns in early fall (or early spring as a second choice), when recovery is fastest — the same logic as aeration, and the two jobs are often done together. First check that you actually have a thatch problem: under ½″ of thatch is normal and beneficial; tearing up a healthy lawn does more harm than the thatch.
Warm-season lawns: why then
Dethatch warm-season lawns in late spring through early summer, once fully green and growing hard. Zoysia and Bermuda are the heavy thatch producers; St. Augustine is better verticut lightly or topdressed. Never dethatch near dormancy in either direction — the lawn can’t rebuild before stress arrives.